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  1. Ozurdex® (Allergan®, AbbVie Company, North Chicago, Illinois, EUA), is composed of 0.7 mg of dexamethasone, fused in a solid biodegradable PLGA polymer, whose degradation occurs naturally in the vitreous cavit...

    Authors: Gabriela Assumpção Brito Pereira Pellegrini, Arnaldo Furman Bordon and Norma Allemann
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2025 11:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Management of Diabetic Macular edema (DME) requires repeated injections. Therefore newer Anti-VEGFs like Brolucizumab with longer durability have been introduced. We compared two different dosages of Brolucizu...

    Authors: Sanjay Kumar Mishra, Pradeep Kumar, Amrita Joshi, Aman Saraf, Abhijeet Awasthi, Supriya Dhar, Khaleel M, Atul Kumar, Vipin Rana and Ravi D
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2025 11:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. To evaluate the predictive accuracy of various machine learning (ML) statistical models in forecasting postoperative visual acuity (VA) outcomes following macular hole (MH) surgery using preoperative optical c...

    Authors: Kanika Godani, Vishma Prabhu, Priyanka Gandhi, Ayushi Choudhary, Shubham Darade, Rupal Kathare, Prathiba Hande and Ramesh Venkatesh
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2025 11:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Clinically significant macular edema (CME) is the leading cause of visual loss after ophthalmologic surgery due to the release of inflammatory mediators promoted by the procedures. We aimed to evaluate the out...

    Authors: Elder Ohara de Oliveira Júnior, Isabel Ahn, Rodrigo Antonio Brant Fernandes and Arthur Gustavo Fernandes
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2025 11:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. This study evaluates the efficacy of intravitreal Faricimab in reducing pigment epithelium detachment (PED) and fluid volumes in both treatment-naïve eyes and eyes unresponsive to anti-VEGF mono-therapies, all...

    Authors: Jennifer Cattaneo, Paolo Forte, Giovanni Forte and Chiara M. Eandi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2025 11:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. To analyse the effect of suprachoroidal injection (SChI) of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on macular thickness (CRT), ectopic inner foveal layer thickness (EIFL-T) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in pse...

    Authors: Francesco Morescalchi, Federico Gandolfo, Vito Romano, Andrea Baldi and Francesco Semeraro
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2025 11:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. To assess the repeatability of a microperimetry methodology for quantifying visual function changes in the junctional zone of eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) in the clinical trial context.

    Authors: A. Yasin Alibhai, Eric M. Moult, Muhammad Usman Jamil, Khadija Raza, Marco U. Morales, Ramiro Ribeiro, Caroline R. Baumal, James G. Fujimoto and Nadia K. Waheed
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2025 11:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Intravitreal injections, a relatively recent treatment in ophthalmology, is being adopted rapidly worldwide and becoming one of the most common therapies in the field. Numerous complications are associated wit...

    Authors: Luca Bongiovanni de Miranda Gonçalves, Maria Leticia Lasca Sales Campos, Guilherme Feltrin Barros, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga, Juliana Antoniali Silva, Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca, Thaís Moura Gascón, Samantha Sanches de Carvalho, Andrea Karla Ribeiro de Carvalho, Greicy Ellen Pinheiro Fernandes, Vagner Loduca Lima and Tiago Mirco Lima
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:99
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. This retrospective study aimed to compare optic disc vasculature changes in 1 and 3 months after treatment with either panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or Intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in patients with diabe...

    Authors: Hassan Khojasteh, Mohammad Ahadi Fard Moghadam, Masoud Rahimi, Arash Mirzaei, Fariba Ghassemi, Alireza Takzare, Hooshang Faghihi, Elias Khalili Pour and Hamid Riazi-Esfahani
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:98
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is an untreatable condition often causing severe and irreversible visual loss in the affected eye. As it has recently been implied that the use of semagl...

    Authors: Jakob Grauslund, Andreas Abou Taha, Laleh Dehghani Molander, Ryo Kawasaki, Sören Möller, Kurt Højlund and Lonny Stokholm
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:97
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Comment to this article has been published in International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2025 11:8

  11. Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is marked by serous retinal detachments caused by fluid leakage from the retinal pigment epithelium, often associated with stress, psychiatric disorders and the use of co...

    Authors: Antonio M. Casella, Raphaela M. Fuganti, Ahmad M. Mansour, José Ignácio Fernández-Vigo, Suthasinee Sinawat, Ali Osman Saatci, Jay Chhablani, Arman Zarnegar, Juliana Prazeres, Igor Kozak, Lorenzo López Guajardo, Michel E. Farah, Claudio Zett, Francisco Rodriguez, William E. Smiddy, Janet L. Davis…
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:96
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. To evaluate the correlation of macular vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters measured on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) with systemic arterial stiffness using pulse wa...

    Authors: Hamid Reza Heidarzadeh, Elaheh Ebrahimi Miandehi, Nasser Shoeibi, Mohammad Reza Ansari Astaneh, Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini, Majid Abrishami, Mehrdad Motamed Shariati, Saeid Eslami, Parnian Arjmand and Mojtaba Abrishami
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:95
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. To assess the retinal microvasculature of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA).

    Authors: André Ferreira, Luísa Viveiros, Raquel Faria, Francisca Bragança, Ana Carolina Abreu, Daniela Santos, Maria João Furtado, Miguel Lume, Pedro Menéres and José P. Andrade
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:94
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. About one-third of individuals with diabetes develop diabetic retinopathy (DR), with one-tenth experiencing vision-threatening conditions such as diabetic macular edema (DME) or proliferative diabetic retinopa...

    Authors: Santosh Nandalal, Harshitha Venkatesan, Madhumitha Haridoss, Krithika Ramachandran and Raji Rajesh Lenin
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:93
    Content type: Review Published on:

  15. To compare short- and long-term anatomical, functional, and refractive outcomes between combined phacovitrectomy (PVS) and consecutive vitrectomy (CVS) for idiopathic macular holes (MHs). Also, to evaluate the...

    Authors: Vishma Prabhu, Priyanka Gandhi, Rupal Kathare, Kanika Godani, Prathiba Hande, Naresh Kumar Yadav, Jay Chhablani and Ramesh Venkatesh
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:92
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes microvascular damage due to long-term hyperglycemia, even before the onset of retinal changes. We aimed to investigate the association between optical coherence tomography angiogr...

    Authors: Lourdes Vidal-Oliver, Elisa Herzig-de Almeida, Sabrina Spissinger and Robert P Finger
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:91
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the retinal and choroidal microvascular state in children with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) and determine the effect of recombinant human growth...

    Authors: Ismail Omar, Yousra Samir Fadle and Noura M. Ibrahim El Bakry
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:90
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. To evaluate self-reported visual function in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients with and without cystoid macular edema (CME) and to explore associations between cystoid spaces (CS), retinal morphometric parame...

    Authors: Celso Costa, Carlos Nogueira, Mário Soares, Silvia Simão, Pedro Melo, Rufino Silva, Joaquim Murta and João Pedro Marques
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:89
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Patients who had successful rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery often complained of metamorphopsia due to postoperative fovea displacement and alteration of the foveal microstructure. The papillo-f...

    Authors: Mostafa Mahmoud Eid Al Azaizy, Hossam Eldin Mohamed Khalil, Mahmoud Leila, Nour Salah Akl and Sahar Ibrahim Mohammed
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:88
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. The choroid, a highly vascular structure within the eye, is significantly influenced by various systemic conditions. The advent of enhanced depth optical coherence tomography has improved our ability to evalua...

    Authors: Mehrdad Motamed Shariati, Sahel Khazaei and Mariye Yaghoobi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:87
    Content type: Review Published on:

  21. Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and acute myocardial infarction (MI) are significant vascular events that impact patient health and mortality. Both conditions share common risk factors, such as hypertension, diab...

    Authors: Kai-Yang Chen, Hoi-Chun Chan and Chi-Ming Chan
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:86
    Content type: Review Published on:

  22. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of visual loss in individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aims to investigate the effects of central macular intraretinal cysts on the underlying o...

    Authors: Micael Valtoni Dantas do Nascimento, Claudio Iovino, Po Hsiang Shawn Yuan, Haaris M. Khan, Leonardo Provetti Cunha, Leandro Cabral Zacharias, Nehemias Lacerda, Eduardo Navajas, Mario L. R. Monteiro and Rony C. Preti
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:85
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. One of the most common health concerns disturbing people within working years globally is diabetes mellitus (DM). One well-known consequence of DM is vascular damage, which can manifest as macro- and microangi...

    Authors: Ahmed Sermed Al Sakini, Abdulrahman Khaldoon Hamid, Zainab A. Alkhuzaie, Sandra Thair Al-Aish, Shahad Al-Zubaidi, Abduljaber A’Ed Tayem, Mohammed Ayad Alobi, Anne Sermed Al Sakini, Rami Thair Al-Aish, Khayry Al-Shami, Hamdah Hanifa and Sara S. Khunda
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:83
    Content type: Review Published on:

  25. Recently, there has been a surge of literature utilizing the human amniotic membrane (hAM) to manage cases of macular holes. In this scoping review, we aimed to systematically narrate the literature to identif...

    Authors: Miguel A. Quiroz-Reyes, Erick A. Quiroz-Gonzalez, Miguel A. Quiroz-Gonzalez and Virgilio Lima-Gomez
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:82
    Content type: Review Published on:

  26. The aim of this study was to compare functional and anatomical changes in patients with small full thickness macular holes (FTMHs) who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with or without Internal limiting me...

    Authors: Maria Ludovica Ruggeri, Alberto Quarta, Paola Marolo, Lucio Zeppa, Lorenzo Motta, Matteo Gironi, Lisa Toto, Michele Reibaldi and Rodolfo Mastropasqua
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:81
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. To present a novel optical model explaining why the vast majority of patients with Asteroid Hyalosis (AH) do not perceive any floaters. This changes our understanding of floater perception and undermines the o...

    Authors: Elie Zaher, Yonatan Blumenthal and Eytan Z. Blumenthal
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:80
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. This scoping review aims to explore the current applications of ChatGPT in the retina field, highlighting its potential, challenges, and limitations.

    Authors: Victor C. F. Bellanda, Mateus Lins dos Santos, Daniel Araujo Ferraz, Rodrigo Jorge and Gustavo Barreto Melo
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:79
    Content type: Review Published on:

  29. To assess the accuracy of High-Resolution OCT in detecting biomarkers associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) compared to standard OCT.

    Authors: Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Luc Hennebert, Yousif Subhi, Martin Zinkernagel and Rodrigo Anguita
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:78
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. This study aimed to compare demographics, clinical characteristics, and post-surgical outcomes between idiopathic and secondary full-thickness macular holes (MHs).

    Authors: Shubham Darade, Rupal Kathare, Ayushi Choudhary, Gaurang Sehgal, Jay Chhablani, Kanika Godani, Naresh Kumar Yadav, Priyanka Gandhi, Prathiba Hande, Rubble Mangla, Vishma Prabhu and Ramesh Venkatesh
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:77
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. To present a novel intraoperative application technique of basic salt solution (BSS) perfusate to address residual epiretinal perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) droplets.

    Authors: Jingli Guo, Victoria Y. Gu, Yuhan Zhou, Peiquan Zhao and Dongsheng Zhao
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:76
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Although there has been a large increase in the number of extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen (EMAP) cases, the basic aspects of this disease remain unknown. Brazilian patients have a common past histo...

    Authors: Carlos Augusto Moreira-Neto, Rafaella Atherino Schmidt Andujar, John Chii Tyng Chao, Huber Vasconcelos, Fábio Eduardo Eberhardt Alves, Gabriela Doná Rodrigues, Bruno Hirt, Jayme Arana, Eduardo Cunha Souza, André Maia, Juliana Maria Ferraz Sallum and Carlos Augusto Moreira Jr.
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:75
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) included severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and clinically significant diabetic macular edema (DME). T...

    Authors: Mingpeng Xu, Bo Li, Chenxin Li, Peiwei Chai, Qinghua Qiu, Zhi Zheng, Qian Chen, Dawei Luo, Xiaofang Xu and Chuandi Zhou
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. To determine the feasibility of a prototype needle that enhances vitreous reflux (VR) to control intraocular pressure (IOP) in intravitreal injection (IVI).

    Authors: Alexander Sverstad, Olav Kristianslund, Goran Petrovski, Morten Carstens Moe and Øystein Kalsnes Jørstad
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:73
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is a known complication of cataract surgery that contributes to decreased visual acuity. Mechanical manipulation associated with the release of inflammatory mediators ...

    Authors: Abdullah S. Alqahtani, Reem M. Hersi, Jumana J. Homsi, Loujen O. Alamoudi, Sara Alghamdi, Rawan K. Alrajhi and Reham A. AlJehani
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:72
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Authors: Hamid Riazi-Esfahani, Elias Khalili Pour, Kaveh Fadakar, Nazanin Ebrahimiadib, Fariba Ghassemi, Ramin Nourinia, Hassan Khojasteh, Behnoosh Attarian, Hooshang Faghihi and Hamid Ahmadieh
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:71
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:13

  37. Intravitreal faricimab, a bispecific antibody targeting both angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), was recently introduced for the treatment of neovascular age-related macul...

    Authors: Gabriela Grimaldi, Giuseppe Cancian, Arianna Paris, Michele Clerici, Giulio Volpe and Moreno Menghini
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:70
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. To investigate the effects of two laser treatment procedures combined, short pulse grid laser (SP) and subthreshold micropulse laser (MP) (the sandwich grid [SWG] technique), plus intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR...

    Authors: Renato Peroni, José Augusto Cardillo, Rafael Memória, Tomas de Oliveira Castro Teixeira Pinto, Lucélia Albieri, Ingrid U. Scott and Rodrigo Jorge
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:69
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. This study aims to examine vessel density changes in the optic nerve and macula following silicone oil removal (SOR) surgery in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) at different time points by Opt...

    Authors: Ali Salehi, Mohammad Malekahmadi, Abolfazl Karimi and Afsaneh Naderi Beni
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:68
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. This editorial examines the transformative impact of the digital revolution on retinal practice, highlighting how technological advances are transforming patient care and pushing the boundaries of ophthalmolog...

    Authors: Rodrigo Anguita, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Anat Loewenstein and Martin Zinkernagel
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:67
    Content type: Editorial Published on:

  41. To assess anatomical and functional outcomes of retrolental cohesive ophthalmic viscoelastic injection (“Viscolift technique”) in patients with severely subluxated cataracts.

    Authors: Danilo Iannetta, Vito Romano, Nicola Valsecchi, Arianna Grendele, Simone Febbraro, Marco Marenco, Antonio Moramarco, Alessandro Lambiase and Luigi Fontana
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:66
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. To investigate the association between white-coat hypertension (WCH) and acute retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

    Authors: Shuichiro Aoki, Haruyuki Suzuki, Kohei Ueda, Kohdai Kitamoto, Keiko Azuma and Ryo Obata
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:65
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Cystoid macular edema (CME) can develop following silicone oil placement in complex vitreoretinal surgeries, contributing to poor visual outcomes. In this study, we investigated the clinical and surgical chara...

    Authors: Reem H. ElSheikh, Sairi Zhang, Muhammad Z. Chauhan, Riley N. Sanders and Sami H. Uwaydat
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:64
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Uveitis is the ophthalmic subfield dealing with a broad range of intraocular inflammatory diseases. With the raising importance of LLM such as ChatGPT and their potential use in the medical field, this researc...

    Authors: Inès Schumacher, Virginie Manuela Marie Bühler, Damian Jaggi and Janice Roth
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:63
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini show potential for patient health education, but concerns about their accuracy require careful evaluation. This study evaluates the readability ...

    Authors: Piotr Strzalkowski, Alicja Strzalkowska, Jay Chhablani, Kristina Pfau, Marie-Hélène Errera, Mathias Roth, Friederike Schaub, Nikolaos E. Bechrakis, Hans Hoerauf, Constantin Reiter, Alexander K. Schuster, Gerd Geerling and Rainer Guthoff
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:61
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Uncorrected myopia is a leading cause of blindness globally, with a rising prevalence in recent decades. Pathological myopia, often seen in individuals with increased axial length (AXL), can result in severe s...

    Authors: Francyne Veiga Reis Cyrino, Moisés Moura de Lucena, Letícia de Oliveira Audi, José Afonso Ribeiro Ramos Filho, João Pedro Romero Braga, Thais Marino de Azeredo Bastos, Igor Neves Coelho and Rodrigo Jorge
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:60
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes in patients with combined pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL) to intrascleral haptic fixation (ISHF) using the Agarwal techniq...

    Authors: Alexis Warren, Pavlina S. Kemp, Razek G. Coussa, Liang Cheng, H. Culver Boldt, Stephen R. Russell, A. Tim Johnson, Thomas A. Oetting and Elliott H. Sohn
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:59
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. To verify the correlation between the full-macular and the ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness measurements and retinal sensitivity (RS) assessed by microperimetry (MP) 6 months after surgical peeling for id...

    Authors: Leonardo Provetti Cunha, Aline Mota Freitas Matos, Raphael Lucas Sampaio Defina, Luciana Virgínia Ferreira Costa-Cunha, Leandro Cabral Zacharias, Rony Carlos Preti and Mário Luiz Ribeiro Monteiro
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:58
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Macular holes are breaks in the retinal tissue at the center of the macula, affecting central vision. The standard treatment involves vitrectomy with membrane peeling and gas tamponade. However, for larger or ...

    Authors: Mário Hanai, Dillan Cunha Amaral, Raiza Jacometti, Eduardo Henrique Cassins Aguiar, Fernando Cotrim Gomes, Laura Goldfarb Cyrino, Milton Ruiz Alves, Mário Luiz Ribeiro Monteiro, Raphaela Masetto Fuganti, Antonio Marcelo Barbante Casella and Ricardo Noguera Louzada
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024 10:56
    Content type: Review Published on:


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International Journal of Retina and Vitreous

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