Fig. 1

Flowchart of the randomized clinical trial evaluating the management of postoperative endophthalmitis (PSE). A total of 56 patients were assessed for eligibility, with 5 excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria or declining participation. Fifty-one patients were randomized into two groups: Group A (Intravitreal Antibiotic Injection—IVAI, n = 25) and Group B (Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Intravitreal Antibiotic Injection at the End of Surgery—PPV + IVAIES, n = 26). Following withdrawals during follow-up, the final analysis included 12 patients in Group A and 23 in Group B