Table 2 Demographic and laboratory data of the diabetic patients included in this study
Variable | DR | DME | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DR group (N = 503) | No DR group (N = 1957) | P-value | DME group (N = 37) | No DME group (N = 2423) | P-value | |
Age (years) | 62.65 (10.32) | 62.80 (11.18) | 0.772 | 67.32 (10.63) | 62.70 (11.00) | 0.012 |
Sex (female) | 236 (46.9%) | 970 (49.5%) | 0.312 | 17 (45.9%) | 1189 (49.0%) | 0.832 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.03 (3.50) | 25.61 (3.58) | 0.001 | 24.80 (3.46) | 25.50 (3.58) | 0.153 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 89.76 (9.41) | 88.88 (9.11) | 0.089 | 89.52 (9.35) | 88.95 (9.29) | 0.566 |
Current smoker | 111 (22.0%) | 363 (18.5%) | 0.085 | 6 (16.22%) | 468 (19.3%) | 0.791 |
House income (lowest quartile) | 150 (29.9%) | 578 (29.6%) | 0.913 | 15 (40.5%) | 713 (29.5%) | 0.150 |
DM history | ||||||
 DM duration (years) | 10.94 (10.02) | 5.87 (7.72) |  < 0.001 | 17.00 (11.01) | 6.75 (8.36) |  < 0.001 |
 DM oral medication | 397 (78.9%) | 1174 (59.9%) |  < 0.001 | 35 (94.5%) | 1536 (63.3%) |  < 0.001 |
 DM insulin treatment | 63 (12.52%) | 43 (2.20%) |  < 0.001 | 8 (21.62%) | 98 (4.04%) |  < 0.001 |
Blood pressure | ||||||
 SBP (mmHg) | 127.46 (16.50) | 125.46 (15.81) | 0.014 | 131.61 (16.68) | 125.78 (15.95) | 0.041 |
 DBP (mmHg) | 74.71 (10.53) | 75.24 (10.18) | 0.307 | 71.78 (9.97) | 75.19 (10.25) | 0.046 |
Laboratory tests | ||||||
 HbA1c (%) | 7.73 (1.57) | 7.02 (1.13) |  < 0.001 | 8.15 (1.63) | 7.15 (1.25) |  < 0.001 |
 Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) | 151.36 (49.43) | 133.47 (33.32) |  < 0.001 | 156.41 (57.56) | 136.84 (37.43) | 0.046 |
 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 170.81 (42.66) | 176.26 (42.30) | 0.010 | 163.32 (33.21) | 175.33 (42.53) | 0.036 |
 Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 162.02 (133.10) | 160.74 (120.96) | 0.845 | 152.81 (83.80) | 161.13 (124.03) | 0.556 |
 AST (IU/L) | 25.94 (18.48) | 27.86 (14.50) | 0.030 | 21.78 (6.09) | 27.56 (15.50) |  < 0.001 |
 ALT (IU/L) | 26.47 (27.17) | 28.91 (21.44) | 0.062 | 19.65 (10.20) | 28.55 (22.85) |  < 0.001 |
 BUN (mg/dL) | 17.21 (5.95) | 16.74 (5.34) | 0.106 | 20.70 (7.70) | 16.78 (5.41) | 0.003 |
 Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.88 (0.45) | 0.84 (0.24) | 0.061 | 1.09 (0.73) | 0.84 (0.28) | 0.047 |
 Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.95 (1.45) | 5.07 (1.38) | 0.110 | 5.26 (1.40) | 5.04 (1.39) | 0.345 |
 WBC (103 cells/μL) | 6.72 (1.83) | 6.61 (1.78) | 0.209 | 7.16 (1.81) | 6.62 (1.79) | 0.079 |
 Platelet (109/L) | 245.63 (61.94) | 248.68 (66.55) | 0.332 | 237.70 (63.18) | 248.21 (65.67) | 0.322 |
 Hemoglobin (mg/dL) | 13.86 (1.66) | 14.05 (1.60) | 0.023 | 13.28 (1.61) | 14.02 (1.61) | 0.007 |